旧约 - 尼希米记(Nehemiah)第13章

On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;
Because they met not the children of Israel with bread and with water, but hired Balaam against them, that he should curse them: howbeit our God turned the curse into a blessing.
Now it came to pass, when they had heard the law, that they separated from Israel all the mixed multitude.
And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah:
And he had prepared for him a great chamber, where aforetime they laid the meat offerings, the frankincense, and the vessels, and the tithes of the corn, the new wine, and the oil, which was commanded to be given to the Levites, and the singers, and the porters; and the offerings of the priests.
But in all this time was not I at Jerusalem: for in the two and thirtieth year of Artaxerxes king of Babylon came I unto the king, and after certain days obtained I leave of the king:
And I came to Jerusalem, and understood of the evil that Eliashib did for Tobiah, in preparing him a chamber in the courts of the house of God.
And it grieved me sore: therefore I cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber.
Then I commanded, and they cleansed the chambers: and thither brought I again the vessels of the house of God, with the meat offering and the frankincense.
And I perceived that the portions of the Levites had not been given them: for the Levites and the singers, that did the work, were fled every one to his field.
Then contended I with the rulers, and said, Why is the house of God forsaken? And I gathered them together, and set them in their place.
Then brought all Judah the tithe of the corn and the new wine and the oil unto the treasuries.
And I made treasurers over the treasuries, Shelemiah the priest, and Zadok the scribe, and of the Levites, Pedaiah: and next to them was Hanan the son of Zaccur, the son of Mattaniah: for they were counted faithful, and their office was to distribute unto their brethren.
Remember me, O my God, concerning this, and wipe not out my good deeds that I have done for the house of my God, and for the offices thereof.
In those days saw I in Judah some treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all manner of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified against them in the day wherein they sold victuals.
There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem.
Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing is this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day?
Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath.
And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and some of my servants set I at the gates, that there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day.
So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice.
Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do so again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no more on the sabbath.
And I commanded the Levites that they should cleanse themselves, and that they should come and keep the gates, to sanctify the sabbath day. Remember me, O my God, concerning this also, and spare me according to the greatness of thy mercy.
In those days also saw I Jews that had married wives of Ashdod, of Ammon, and of Moab:
And their children spake half in the speech of Ashdod, and could not speak in the Jews' language, but according to the language of each people.
And I contended with them, and cursed them, and smote certain of them, and plucked off their hair, and made them swear by God, saying, Ye shall not give your daughters unto their sons, nor take their daughters unto your sons, or for yourselves.
Did not Solomon king of Israel sin by these things? yet among many nations was there no king like him, who was beloved of his God, and God made him king over all Israel: nevertheless even him did outlandish women cause to sin.
Shall we then hearken unto you to do all this great evil, to transgress against our God in marrying strange wives?
And one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was son in law to Sanballat the Horonite: therefore I chased him from me.
Remember them, O my God, because they have defiled the priesthood, and the covenant of the priesthood, and of the Levites.
Thus cleansed I them from all strangers, and appointed the wards of the priests and the Levites, every one in his business;
And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.
尼希米记第十三章   第 13 章 

  尼 13:3> “闲杂人”是指谁?为什么不能与他们来往? 

  13:3 “闲杂人”是指亚扪人和摩押人,他们向来是以色列人的死敌( 13:1 )。神的律法清楚讲明,不准这两族人进入圣殿(参申 23:3-5 )。这不是种族歧视,神深爱全人类,当然也包括外邦人(参申 10:18 ),祂准许外邦人献祭(参民 15:15-16 ),希望人人都认识和爱祂(参赛 42:6 )。神要隔绝“闲杂人”,是因为要信徒远离污秽(参箴 24:1 )。当年犹太人就因与外邦人建立关系,导致被掳而亡国。以色列人这次重新委身,就需要表明他们认真遵守神的律法。 

  尼 13:6-7> 神的仆人有没有利用特权为自己打算?你是不是这样的人? 

  13:6-7 尼希米在耶路撒冷住了十二年,在公元前 433 年,他返回巴比伦。他可能是被亚达薛西召回,亦可能是因为要履行协议而离去。圣经没有记载尼希米在巴比伦逗留了多久,但当他再回到耶路撒冷时,竟发现主要敌人多比雅在圣殿内设置了自己的房间。多比雅是亚扪人( 4:3 ),是禁止进入圣殿的。他的女儿嫁给了祭司以利亚实,所以他能够借助女婿的影响力,在殿内自设房间。有关多比雅如何敌对尼希米,并尼希米如何作回应,请参考第 2 、 4 、 6 章。 

  尼 13:10> 对专职事奉的弟兄姊妹,我有没有关心过他们的生活?够不够? 

  13:10 由于没有人供给利未人的生活,他们只好回到自己的田地去耕种维生,圣殿的工作和以色列人的灵命因此受到忽略。神的仆人应该得到足够的报酬来维生。我们绝不可低估他们的需要,使他们受苦。 

  尼 13:16> 推罗是── 

  13:16 推罗是腓尼基的大城市,是地中海的港口。 

  尼 13:17-22> 律法规定安息日不得工作,你以为如何? 

  13:17-22 神禁止以色列人在安息日工作,为要他们安静下来,记念神的创造和祖先出埃及的事迹(参出 20:8-11 ;申 5:12-15 )。安息日是由礼拜五日落至礼拜六日落;所有犹太人、仆人、到访的外国人、甚至畜牲,都要遵守安息日为圣日。然而,耶路撒冷城却在安息日忙于做买卖,违返了神的律法,所以尼希米下令在每个礼拜五下午,安息日临近时,就要关上城门,打发商人回家。 

  尼 13:24> 亚实突、亚扪、摩押、似乎都不为以色列人欢迎…… 

  13:24 亚实突位于地中海岸,受非利士人控制。亚扪、摩押两国横过约旦,伸展至东部。这些国家,都被那些认识以色列历史的人所憎恶。 

  尼 13:25> 尼希米的做法是否过激?你怎么看? 

  13:25 尼希米看到犹太人违背神的律法,漠视誓约( 10:30 )竟毫无愧意,不禁义愤填膺。以色列人曾许下诺言,不让子女与异教徒通婚,但尼希米一离开,他们又犯上通婚罪,毁了与神订立的约。尼希米对他们严加斥责,他对神的忠心,与以色列人的漠视、叛逆和不忠,形成强烈的对比。 

  尼 13:26> 属灵领袖若跌倒,其他人有何感受?你呢? 

  13:26 尼希米引述所罗门的过失,警戒以色列人。以色列伟大的君王尚且受不信者的影响而跌倒,更遑论其他人。尼希米从所罗门身上学习到,如果不纠正自身的缺点,纵然有天赋与能力也无济于事。所罗门虽是明君,但他与异族女子通婚,令国家陷入灾难。所以我们一发现有犯罪倾向,便要立即自制,不然罪就会捆绑我们,绊倒我们。我们勤读圣经的原因之一,就是要从神子民的错误中汲取教训。 

  13:31 尼希米的一生,提供了许多作好领袖应有的原则,到今天这些原则仍然值得我们学习。( 1 )要有清晰的目标,并以神的旨意来衡量目标的价值。目标确立后,就没有什么可令尼希米退缩。( 2 )要坦率直接。尼希米让每一个人知道他的需要,纵使工作会受阻,他仍坚持讲出实情。( 3 )为人要无可指责(对尼希米的指控,完全是虚构捏造的)。( 4 )要恒久祷告,保持与神接触,支取力量和智慧。尼希米所做的一切,都归荣耀与神。 

  领袖们有时魅力四射,引人注目,但更多时是孤单、吃力不讨好,为协调各方的意见而饱受压力。尼希米力抗各种荒谬的指控,完成了巨大的工程。他知道有失败才有成功,有劳苦才有回报,有检讨才有进步,信赖神才是真正的好领导。尼希米记录了耶路撒冷城墙的重建,也描述了以色列人依靠神及灵性复兴的过程。切记一旦我们离开神,我们的生命便会迈向败亡。──《灵修版圣经注释》