旧约 - 历代记上(1 Chronicles)第6章
The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. |
The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. |
The children of Amram: Aaron, Moses and Miriam. The sons of Aaron: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. |
Eleazar was the father of Phinehas, Phinehas the father of Abishua, |
Abishua the father of Bukki, Bukki the father of Uzzi, |
Uzzi the father of Zerahiah, Zerahiah the father of Meraioth, |
Meraioth the father of Amariah, Amariah the father of Ahitub, |
Ahitub the father of Zadok, Zadok the father of Ahimaaz, |
Ahimaaz the father of Azariah, Azariah the father of Johanan, |
Johanan the father of Azariah (it was he who served as priest in the temple Solomon built in Jerusalem), |
Azariah the father of Amariah, Amariah the father of Ahitub, |
Ahitub the father of Zadok, Zadok the father of Shallum, |
Shallum the father of Hilkiah, Hilkiah the father of Azariah, |
Azariah the father of Seraiah, and Seraiah the father of Jehozadak. |
Jehozadak was deported when the LORD sent Judah and Jerusalem into exile by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar. |
The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath and Merari. |
These are the names of the sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei. |
The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. |
The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites listed according to their fathers: |
Of Gershon: Libni his son, Jehath his son, Zimmah his son, |
Joah his son, Iddo his son, Zerah his son and Jeatherai his son. |
The descendants of Kohath: Amminadab his son, Korah his son, Assir his son, |
Elkanah his son, Ebiasaph his son, Assir his son, |
Tahath his son, Uriel his son, Uzziah his son and Shaul his son. |
The descendants of Elkanah: Amasai, Ahimoth, |
Elkanah his son, Zophai his son, Nahath his son, |
Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son and Samuel his son. |
The sons of Samuel: Joel the firstborn and Abijah the second son. |
The descendants of Merari: Mahli, Libni his son, Shimei his son, Uzzah his son, |
Shimea his son, Haggiah his son and Asaiah his son. |
These are the men David put in charge of the music in the house of the LORD after the ark came to rest there. |
They ministered with music before the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting, until Solomon built the temple of the LORD in Jerusalem. They performed their duties according to the regulations laid down for them. |
Here are the men who served, together with their sons: From the Kohathites: Heman, the musician, the son of Joel, the son of Samuel, |
the son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah, |
the son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai, |
the son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah, |
the son of Tahath, the son of Assir, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, |
the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, the son of Israel; |
and Heman's associate Asaph, who served at his right hand: Asaph son of Berekiah, the son of Shimea, |
the son of Michael, the son of Baaseiah, the son of Malkijah, |
the son of Ethni, the son of Zerah, the son of Adaiah, |
the son of Ethan, the son of Zimmah, the son of Shimei, |
the son of Jahath, the son of Gershon, the son of Levi; |
and from their associates, the Merarites, at his left hand: Ethan son of Kishi, the son of Abdi, the son of Malluch, |
the son of Hashabiah, the son of Amaziah, the son of Hilkiah, |
the son of Amzi, the son of Bani, the son of Shemer, |
the son of Mahli, the son of Mushi, the son of Merari, the son of Levi. |
Their fellow Levites were assigned to all the other duties of the tabernacle, the house of God. |
But Aaron and his descendants were the ones who presented offerings on the altar of burnt offering and on the altar of incense in connection with all that was done in the Most Holy Place, making atonement for Israel, in accordance with all that Moses the servant of God had commanded. |
These were the descendants of Aaron: Eleazar his son, Phinehas his son, Abishua his son, |
Bukki his son, Uzzi his son, Zerahiah his son, |
Meraioth his son, Amariah his son, Ahitub his son, |
Zadok his son and Ahimaaz his son. |
These were the locations of their settlements allotted as their territory (they were assigned to the descendants of Aaron who were from the Kohathite clan, because the first lot was for them): |
They were given Hebron in Judah with its surrounding pasturelands. |
But the fields and villages around the city were given to Caleb son of Jephunneh. |
So the descendants of Aaron were given Hebron (a city of refuge), and Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa, |
Ashan, Juttah and Beth Shemesh, together with their pasturelands. |
And from the tribe of Benjamin they were given Gibeon, Geba, Alemeth and Anathoth, together with their pasturelands. These towns, which were distributed among the Kohathite clans, were thirteen in all. |
The rest of Kohath's descendants were allotted ten towns from the clans of half the tribe of Manasseh. |
The descendants of Gershon, clan by clan, were allotted thirteen towns from the tribes of Issachar, Asher and Naphtali, and from the part of the tribe of Manasseh that is in Bashan. |
The descendants of Merari, clan by clan, were allotted twelve towns from the tribes of Reuben, Gad and Zebulun. |
So the Israelites gave the Levites these towns and their pasturelands. |
From the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin they allotted the previously named towns. |
Some of the Kohathite clans were given as their territory towns from the tribe of Ephraim. |
In the hill country of Ephraim they were given Shechem (a city of refuge), and Gezer, |
Aijalon and Gath Rimmon, together with their pasturelands. |
And from half the tribe of Manasseh the Israelites gave Aner and Bileam, together with their pasturelands, to the rest of the Kohathite clans. |
The Gershonites received the following: From the clan of the half-tribe of Manasseh they received Golan in Bashan and also Ashtaroth, together with their pasturelands; |
from the tribe of Issachar they received Kedesh, Daberath, |
Ramoth and Anem, together with their pasturelands; |
from the tribe of Asher they received Mashal, Abdon, |
Hukok and Rehob, together with their pasturelands; |
and from the tribe of Naphtali they received Kedesh in Galilee, Hammon and Kiriathaim, together with their pasturelands. |
The Merarites (the rest of the Levites) received the following: From the tribe of Zebulun they received Jokneam, Kartah, Rimmono and Tabor, together with their pasturelands; |
from the tribe of Reuben across the Jordan east of Jericho they received Bezer in the desert, Jahzah, |
Kedemoth and Mephaath, together with their pasturelands; |
and from the tribe of Gad they received Ramoth in Gilead, Mahanaim, |
Heshbon and Jazer, together with their pasturelands. |
历代志上第六章
第 6 章
代上 6 章 > 利未人的职责是什么?
6 章 利未支派被分别出来,在会幕里事奉神(参民 3 ; 4 ),以后则在圣殿之中事奉(参代上 23-26 )。利未的后裔亚伦( 6:3 )是以色列的头一任大祭司,神规定将来凡祭司皆要出于亚伦的后裔;其余的利未人,则协助会幕或圣殿中的各种事务,扶助人民,教导他们神的真道,并劝人顺服神的旨意。
代上 6:3> 这三位人物很熟悉呀,他们的事记载于──
6:3 所列的几个人,在出埃及的历史事件中扮演过重要的角色。亚伦的事迹见出埃及记、利未记与民数记,他的生平见出埃及记 32 章。摩西是以色列最伟大的先知与领袖之一,他的事迹见出埃及记、利未记、民数记与申命记,其生平介绍见出埃及记 14 章。摩西和亚伦的姐姐是米利暗(她的故事记在出 2 ; 15:20-21 与民 12 ; 21:1 。生平介绍在民 13 章)。拿答与亚比户都因为不顺服神而被烧死(参利 10:12 )。以利亚撒继亚伦之后,成为以色列的第二任大祭司(参民 20:24-28 ),以他玛在组织民众在会幕敬拜的事奉方面,也起了重要作用(参民 4:28 , 33 ; 7:8 )。
代上 6:28> 撒母耳有什么特别?
6:28 撒母耳蒙神拣选作以色列人的领袖、为神说话,当时以色列正濒临崩溃的边缘。士师记末后几章清楚显示以色列的道德败坏、国势衰颓。但是撒母耳靠神的帮助力挽狂澜,使国家由败亡走上复兴。他使人民认识到:神是他们全体的领袖,因此他们团结一致,晓得只要专心仰望神,整个民族就能领受神的旨意,成就神对他们的托付。(撒母耳按属灵的原则整顿和治理以色列人的情形参撒上及 7 章他的生平)。
代上 6:31> 大卫在音乐、诗歌上的贡献是──
6:31 大卫善用音乐,丰富了敬拜的形式,贡献良多。他设立诗班与伶长,经常在圣殿献唱( 25 章)。他年轻的时候在扫罗王面前为他弹琴驱魔(参撒上 16:15-23 )。他也写了许多诗歌,集在诗篇之中。
代上 6:31-46> 我现在有的才能,有什么可以奉献给神,贡献给教会?
6:31-46 工人与匠人完成了圣殿的建造,利未人与祭司也负起自己的责任。这时有一班歌唱的人要为神献上他们的才华,发出歌颂,这里记载的就是他们中的一些人。你不一定要被按立作教牧人员,才能在教会中一展所长;文员、技工、司事、司琴、诗班员,主日学教师等,都能有特殊的贡献。神既然赐给你独特的才艺,请你好好运用它来事奉神并且荣耀祂。 %5
代上 6:49> 不按己意顺服神并不容易,但可以从微细处开始,例如……
6:49 神藉摩西所吩咐的敬拜细则,亚伦和他的后裔都严格地遵守。他们并不是有选择性地只遵从那些自己愿意遵守的规则。乌撒罔顾料理约柜的守则,因而惹祸上身的教训,值得人记取( 13:6-10 )。不要随己意来顺服神,挑自己喜欢的事来遵从,对不合自己胃口的则不理会。神的道不受时空限制,对我们的生活有全面的影响,并不限于我们所拣选的一部分。
代上 6:49> 6:49 有关祭司的详情,请参看利未记 8 章的注释。
代上 6:54> 神要藉着祂的子民去供应那些为祂作工的人的需要,我是否也乐意去做?
6:54 利未人不像其他支派那样有指定的地业分给他们。他们分散住在以色列的全境,协助各支派敬拜神。所以其余各支派的人,要从自己的土地中分一些城邑与郊野给他们(参书 13:14 , 33 )。
代上 6:57-80> 神对人的吩咐是……
6:57-80 神曾吩咐各支派要专门设立几座逃城(参民 35 ),给误杀人的作庇护的地方。这些吩咐起初似乎不重要──因为以色列人还未进入应许之地。神有时给我们一些吩咐,即使当时似乎并不适用,但是日后就会显出其重要性。不要因为圣经的某些细节似乎与自己不相干,就撇弃当中的精意。现在顺服神,将来你会明白祂赐这些命令到底原因何在。
代上 6:61> 拈阄的目的是……
6:61 以色列人拈阄是为了不以人的意志作决定,让神的手来工作。拈阄就像抽签或掷骰子一样。他们先祈求神的引导,然后才拈阄(拈阄的详细情形,请参书 18:8 的注释)。──《灵修版圣经注释》
历代志上 历代志上 第六章 注释
1-81 利未支派
本章记录祭司和利未人的家谱。除了记下人名外,也提及他们所担任
的不同职务。
族谱的结构上有三大件值得注意的事:
1 亚伦後代的祭司享有较崇高的地位;
2 族谱收录了两份名单,其一记载一般的祭司利未人( 16-30)
,另一份则录下歌唱的利未人。前者列举革顺、哥辖、米拉利
三支的长子谱系,而後者则为次子的谱系;
3 当利未人供职时,哥辖族的站在中央,革顺的在左面,米拉利
的在右面,而出自哥辖族的祭司更在全体的中央。
1-15 被掳前的大祭司家谱
利未支派的族谱共分纵横两线,这里先提纵的一线,即历代大祭司的
名录。
1 利未的三个儿子。
2-15
由於作者要集中在亚伦的家族上,所以撒下其余两系暂时不提,单提
哥辖的後人。
9 「亚撒利雅」:参王上4:2注。
16-30 利未人的家谱
这是利未家谱横的一线,但只数算到大卫的时候为止,因为大卫重整
利未人的组织。
27
撒母耳亦列入利未人中(事实上他亦执行祭司的职务),
撒上1:1称以利加拿为「以法莲人」,可能指他是居住在以法莲
山地的一个利未人,又或者撒母耳本属以法莲支派,但因他奉
献归给耶和华,可以执行祭司的职务,所以也列入利未支派中。
31-47 利未人的歌手
31-32
大卫创立音乐团(包括歌手和乐师)在会幕前用音乐带领百姓
敬拜神。他本身也是个中能手,不但长於弹琴(撒上16:14-23
),更能作曲(撒下1:17起),
制作乐器(撒下6:5, 15)和撰
写诗篇。所罗门亦善於作诗(王上4:32),圣殿建成後他把歌
唱纳入利未人正常的职务中。
33-38 哥辖的子孙(参22-27)
这名录是由撒母耳的後人开始( 33),一直追溯至哥辖的次子以斯哈
身上。
39-43 革顺的子孙(参20-21)
这名单以着名的亚萨(参诗篇标题)开始,追溯到革顺的次子示每。
43
雅哈应与示每互换次序,示每乃革顺的次子(参17, 20)。
44-47 米拉利次子的子孙
思想问题(第 6章上)
1 作者在此对利未支派的族谱有特别详细的记录,你以为有什麽原
因?
2 利未支派是特选在会幕和圣殿供职的,在以色列人中有特别尊崇
的地位。
比对之下,今天在教会中被选召事奉的人,是否也同样享有尊崇
的地位?
3 你是否羡慕作今天的「利未人」──在教会中专职事奉神呢?
4 31-47这段经文对现今教会中的圣乐事奉有什麽提示?
倘若你从事圣乐事奉,这段经文又给你什麽支持和鼓励?
48-53 其他利未人和祭司的官吏
48-49
除了崇拜外,利未人也要协助祭司献祭和办理圣所的一切事务。
50-53
再次列举亚伦後代中以利亚撒家族的首领,直至大卫时的撒督。
54-81 利未支派的城邑
利未支派在分地时并没有得到任何地域,因为摩西吩咐:「祭司利未
人,和利未全支派,必在以色列人中无分无业 ......
耶和华是他们的产
业。」(申 18:1-2)
他们只是在各支派中领有城邑。在他们管理的城
邑中,有六座特别划出作为逃城 (申 19:1-13;
书20:1-9) 。 有关他们
居住的地方,参书 20:5-39。
60
「十三座」:事实上此处只列有十一座,漏掉了淤他和基遍(
参书21:16-17)。
61 「在玛拿西半支派的地」:或作「 ......
从以法莲支派、但支派
、玛拿西半支派的地业」(参书21:5)。
62
「玛拿西支派」:应作「玛拿西半支派」(参书21:6)。
70
「亚乃」:在书21:25作「他纳」,可能是後来抄写的错误。
72
「基低斯」:属拿弗他利支派(76),书21:28在此处作基善。
75
「反割」:亦属拿弗他利支派(书19:34),而非亚设支派,
书21:31作黑甲。
思想问题(第 6章下)
1 亚伦後裔(祭司)的一切职务,都是依照摩西律法所吩咐的( 49
节)。
今天教会圣职人员的职务,又应该依据什麽呢?
2 利未支派被分散在各支派中居住,可有什麽作用?
历代志上 注释
4.利未(六)
六1~53 本章讲述雅各第三子利未的子孙。第1至15节和第49至53节是这个支派最出名的家庭——亚伦的谱系。神命亚伦和他的后裔作大祭司,因此从亚伦到被掳归回的准确家谱非常重要。
第3节所列的几个人,在出埃及的历史事件中扮演过重要的角色。亚伦的事迹见出埃及记、利未记与民数记,他的生平见出埃及记三十二章。摩西是以色列最伟大的先知与领袖之一,他的事迹见出埃及记、利未记、民数记与申命记,其生平介绍见出埃及记十四章。摩西和亚伦的姐姐是米利暗(她的故事记在出二;一五20~21与民一二;二一1。生平介绍在民一三章)。拿答与亚比户都因为不顺服神而被烧死(参利一O12)。以利亚撒继亚伦之后,成为以色列的第二任大祭司(参民二O24~28),以他玛在组织民众在会幕敬拜的事奉方面,也起了重要作用(参民四28,33;七8)。
以利迦拿(27节)的儿子……撒母耳(28节)是以色列伟大的先知,也是扫罗作王前最后一位士师。当时以色列正濒临崩溃的边缘,撒母耳靠神的帮助力挽狂澜,使国家由败亡走上复兴。他的事奉详细记述在撒母耳记上。
利未有三个儿子:革顺、歌辖和米拉利。他们的家谱记在第16至30节。第31至38节有三个家谱:歌辖族的希幔(33~38节);革顺族的亚萨(39~43节);以及米拉利族的以探(44~47节)。他们是大卫指派在耶和华面前服事、管理歌唱之事的人(31~32节)。
希幔大概是诗篇第八十八篇的作者。他是先知撒母耳的后裔。有一些诗篇明说是亚萨写的;例如:第五十篇和七十三至八十三篇。以探可能是诗篇第八十九篇的作者。
历代志上 6:1
利 未 的 儿 子: 6 章 提 供 了
被 掳 之 前 利 未 的 后 代, 大 祭 司 的 家 系, 并 列 出 了 利 未 人 的 城 邑。 利 未 的 子 孙 被 神 拣 选 在 会 幕 ( 民 3~4 章 ) 和 圣 殿 ( 代 上 23~26 章 ) 负 责 属 灵
的 事 奉。 实 际 上, 这 一 章 指 出 了 神 所 指 示 的 真 实 敬 拜 的 重 要 性。
6:32
当 歌 唱 的 差: 歌
唱 敬 拜 也 是 事 奉 神 ( 比 较 弗 5:18~ 20) ,
是 神 所 喜 悦 的。 通 过 歌 唱 可 以 满 怀 信 心 和 爱 心 将 自 己 呈 献 在 主 面 前 ( 参
历代志上
注释
六 1-81 利未支派
从 81 节经文及其中心位置,可以清楚看见,利未支派极其重要,原因可从利未支派的历史中看见( 1-30 节)。以色列的大祭司是利未次子哥辖的后裔。祭司和君王制度,共同构成历代志的主轴。因此,这里列出的利未家谱是远及被掳的时候( 15 节);我们再次看见,本书的连续性比历史大事更为重要,而在本章中,并没有提及这类历史大事(连出埃及的事件也没有提及;摩西的名字只是如常地列出来, 3 节)。而第 10 节是建殿之外重要的事件。若正如许多人的主张,附注是属于第 9 节,那么这句话便是整个名单的中心点,因而此处也有一种格式上的编排,为了显出圣殿和祭司的中心位置。跟着是列出别的分枝,其中一枝包括了伟大的塞缪尔( 27-28 节),但也像摩西一样,没有得到任何优待。
3 位歌唱者的首领希幔、亚萨和以探受委任──他们来自 3 个不同的利未家族( 33 、 39 、 44 节)──可见利未支派的职任,也跟本书的中心要点有关,重点就是戴维与所罗门的执政。作者也是对准这个焦点,列出了从亚伦所出的 12 代后裔,都是负责献祭烧香的大祭司( 49-53 节)。
利未支派遍布全国( 54-81 节)。利未人并没有自己的支派领土,但其余各支派都要给他们城邑和土地。作者这样的记载很特别,因为当时环境变迁;他好像要指出,无论国中发生了任何改变,也必须保留一个「原则」,就是要有一个具代表性的祭司制度。