旧约 - 历代记上(1 Chronicles)第5章
The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel (he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father's marriage bed, his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph son of Israel; so he could not be listed in the genealogical record in accordance with his birthright, |
and though Judah was the strongest of his brothers and a ruler came from him, the rights of the firstborn belonged to Joseph)-- |
the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. |
The descendants of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, |
Micah his son, Reaiah his son, Baal his son, |
and Beerah his son, whom Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria took into exile. Beerah was a leader of the Reubenites. |
Their relatives by clans, listed according to their genealogical records: Jeiel the chief, Zechariah, |
and Bela son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. They settled in the area from Aroer to Nebo and Baal Meon. |
To the east they occupied the land up to the edge of the desert that extends to the Euphrates River, because their livestock had increased in Gilead. |
During Saul's reign they waged war against the Hagrites, who were defeated at their hands; they occupied the dwellings of the Hagrites throughout the entire region east of Gilead. |
The Gadites lived next to them in Bashan, as far as Salecah: |
Joel was the chief, Shapham the second, then Janai and Shaphat, in Bashan. |
Their relatives, by families, were: Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jacan, Zia and Eber--seven in all. |
These were the sons of Abihail son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz. |
Ahi son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, was head of their family. |
The Gadites lived in Gilead, in Bashan and its outlying villages, and on all the pasturelands of Sharon as far as they extended. |
All these were entered in the genealogical records during the reigns of Jotham king of Judah and Jeroboam king of Israel. |
The Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men ready for military service--able-bodied men who could handle shield and sword, who could use a bow, and who were trained for battle. |
They waged war against the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish and Nodab. |
They were helped in fighting them, and God handed the Hagrites and all their allies over to them, because they cried out to him during the battle. He answered their prayers, because they trusted in him. |
They seized the livestock of the Hagrites--fifty thousand camels, two hundred fifty thousand sheep and two thousand donkeys. They also took one hundred thousand people captive, |
and many others fell slain, because the battle was God's. And they occupied the land until the exile. |
The people of the half-tribe of Manasseh were numerous; they settled in the land from Bashan to Baal Hermon, that is, to Senir (Mount Hermon). |
These were the heads of their families: Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah and Jahdiel. They were brave warriors, famous men, and heads of their families. |
But they were unfaithful to the God of their fathers and prostituted themselves to the gods of the peoples of the land, whom God had destroyed before them. |
So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria (that is, Tiglath-Pileser king of Assyria), who took the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh into exile. He took them to Halah, Habor, Hara and the river of Gozan, where they are to this day. |
历代志上第五章
第 5 章
代上 5:1> 犯罪的结果原是要向神,向人负责的,而我的生活……
5:1 圣经记载吕便犯乱伦之罪,成为后人的警戒。如此写下他的墓志铭,并不是要羞辱他的名声,而是说明犯罪不仅给人留下痛苦的回忆,罪的苦果更能败坏人的一生。吕便本来是雅各的长子,有权继承父亲的双分产业,又可以率领亚伯拉罕的后裔,那已经成长壮大了的支派。但是他犯了罪,长子名分和特权都被剥夺且祸及整个家族。在你受试探、遇引诱的时候,你要仔细思量,认清罪会苦害你和别人的一生,后果是极其悲惨的。
代上 5:2> “君王由他而出”意指……
5:2 从犹大支派所出的君王,指大卫与他的王族谱系,也是指大卫最显赫的后裔,就是弥赛亚耶稣。
代上 5:18-22> 有能力的人要靠神,那么我呢?
5:18-22 吕便、迦得与玛拿西支派的人英勇善战,是因为他们倚靠神。他们虽然有军人本色、能征善战,仍然祷告寻求神的引导。神赐给我们先天和后天的才能为祂使用,绝不是要我们以此不倚靠祂。我们若靠聪明、才干和力量而不倚靠神,就会骄傲自大。遭遇困境时,我们理当寻求神的旨意,求祂的引领,赐下能力,诗篇说:“有人靠车,有人靠马,但我们要提到耶和华我们神的名。”(诗 20:7 )
代上 5:22> 被掳者为什么不能回归?原来……
5:22 这里所提被掳之人,是指在公元前 722 年被掳往亚述的北国以色列的十个支派。他们从此一直没有回到故土(这事记在王下 15:29-17:41 )。
代上 5:24-25> 有说信徒皆为祭司,祭司的职责又是什么?
5:24-25 这些族长是大能的勇士,因文韬武略,统领有方而负盛名。但是在神眼中,他们缺少最重要的美德──对神的忠心。如果你想在社会上追名逐利,可能也会忽略人生的真义,就是讨神喜悦、全心顺服祂。最终,神要察看我们的内心,判断我们一生的功过。──《灵修版圣经注释》
历代志上 历代志上 第五章 注释
1-10 流便支派
流便支派的族谱与西缅支派的在组织上十分相似。
1-2
主要解释上面为何先列举犹大(而非流便支派)的族谱,有关流便所
犯的罪,参创 35:22; 49:4。
2
犹大得的是最高的祝福──君王出自此支派,而约瑟得的是长
子的名分,就是双分的家业。
3-10 流便的後裔
4
本节开头的约珥和流便有何关系,作者并没有交代,因为他的
主要目的是表明被亚述王所掳的流便支派的首领是备拉。
11-17 迦得支派
这里所记录的首领没有在其他迦得支派的族谱上出现,可见作者并非
从其他经卷抄袭过来。
这支派居住在巴珊地──即今天以色列北部的哥兰高地。
12
「雅乃和住在巴珊的沙法」:有古卷作「巴珊的士师雅乃」。
16 「乡村」:原文作「女儿们」。
「沙仑」:并非地中海东岸迦密山以南的沙仑平原,而是位於
约但河东,准确地点不详。此地名亦见於考古学上着名的摩押
石碑上。
17
这次人口普查是当北国耶罗波安第二作王时进行的,因迦得支
派隶属北国。
本节的作用是要证明上述族谱是官方的记录。作者在此并提南
国约坦王的名字,因他有意把一些重要历史事件与大卫王朝接
连起来。
18-26 约但河东二支派半
18-22 二支派半族人占领邻近亚拉伯人的地方
作者一再声明他们得胜是在乎倚赖神。
19 「夏甲人」:参10节。
「伊突人、拿非施人、挪答人」:都是亚拉伯人。
22
「直到被掳的时候」:指的是在主前七三四年远在撒玛利亚城
失陷前十多年的事迹(王下15:29)。
23-24 玛拿西半支派
希伯来文圣经在「 ......
住在那地」之後有:「他们的人丁众多
」。
25-26 河东二支派半的收场
他们因为离弃神,故此招致神的刑罚,最後更被亚述王提革拉 尼色
掳到亚述去。
思想问题(第 5章)
1 试借助串珠,翻查出流便所犯的罪。
2 雅各用诡诈手段,欺骗父兄而夺得长子的名分与祝福;流便则因
犯罪而失去长子的名分,你对自己身为神儿女的名分与福气,存
有什麽态度?
3 这二支派半以寡敌众,有什麽得胜秘诀?
这对你的属灵争战有什麽提示?
4 这二支派半後来失败被掳,原因何在?
这给你什麽监戒?
5 作者以一个什麽角度来解释这二支派半的历史?
神子民的成败得失、兴衰顺逆都以他们是否顺从神来决定,基督
徒的际遇又应以什麽眼光来分析呢?参罗 8:28-30,
历代志上 注释
3.流便、迦得和约但河东玛拿西半支派(五)
本章讲约但河东流便、迦得和玛拿西半支派,但只有很少的篇幅。他们是第一批被掳走的人(五26)。
第1和2节解释为什么流便长子的名分归了别的支派,“因他污秽了父亲的床”(请参看创三五22)。雅各临死前为他的儿子祝福时(创四九),提及流便的恶行,因此革除他的名分,不让他尊荣。长子双倍的土地给了约瑟(以法莲和玛拿西),而从领导方面来说,长子的位分给了犹大。“君王也是从他而出”指大卫与他的王族谱系,也是指大卫最显赫的后裔——弥赛亚耶稣。
第11至17节列出迦得的子孙;第23至24节列出玛拿西半支派的族长。
第五章的结尾简述这些支派的结局。他们曾一起战胜过夏甲人(以实玛利人)(10,19~22节);他们以四万四千七百六十人的小小军队,打败比他们强大得多的敌人。他们倚赖神(20节),神便给他们胜利和大量的掠物(21节)。
由于长期受四周拜偶像国家的影响,他们很快“随从那地之民的神行邪淫:这民就是神在他们面前所除灭的。”(25节)他们转向不能救以实玛利人的神,离弃给他们力量战胜敌人的独一真神,所以神将他们交在亚述王的手,把他们掳走。
历代志上 5:25
25~26 得 罪 了 他 们 列 祖 的 神: 纵
观 历 代 志, 作 者 突 出 了 这 样 一 条 真 理: 悖 逆 和 罪 必 然 招 致 审 判 和 灾 难, 而 顺 服 和 忠 心 则 会 得 着 平
安 和 赐 福 ( 比 较 代 下 7:14 ; 15:2~7 ; 19:2 ; 21:12~15 ; 24:20 ; 28:9 ; 34:24~25) ;
这 一 属 灵 的 原 则 在 新 约 圣 经 中 仍 是 不 变 的 真 理。我 们 应 当 从 中 得 到 勉 励, 敬 畏 主 并 顺 从 圣 灵 的 引
历代志上
注释
五 1-26 约但河东的支派
像西缅支派一样,作者接着谈到的几个支派,只是列出他们的地理环境。流便、迦得和玛拿西半个支派定居在约但河以东,那是在 8 节下至 11 和 23 节提及的地区,这地区称为基列。作者指出流便是「以色列的长子」( 1 节),虽然长子的权利已转给约瑟(因而给了以法莲和玛拿西),而长子的地位则为犹大所有(创三十五 22 ,四十八,四十九 4 、 8-12 、 22-26 )。像在西缅支派的描述,此处谈到好些战争。基列地的支派都一起参与 19 至 22 节的战役,并遭受第 26 节的入侵。若这场对抗夏甲人的争战,跟第 10 节提及的争战相同,那么与夏甲人之战,加上被掳事件,是在他们占据约但河东的 300 年里,首尾互相呼应着( 10-26 节; 3-6 节中流便的世系明显是省略了多个世代)。两件事证明了一个基本的属灵定律:前者证明胜利是由于信心的祷告( 20 节);后者说明失败是因为不信的悖逆( 25-26 节)。