旧约 - 历代记上(1 Chronicles)第5章
Now the sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel, (for he was the firstborn; but, forasmuch as he defiled his father's bed, his birthright was given unto the sons of Joseph the son of Israel: and the genealogy is not to be reckoned after the birthright. |
For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler; but the birthright was Joseph's:) |
The sons, I say, of Reuben the firstborn of Israel were, Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. |
The sons of Joel; Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son, |
Micah his son, Reaia his son, Baal his son, |
Beerah his son, whom Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria carried away captive: he was prince of the Reubenites. |
And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, |
And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baalmeon: |
And eastward he inhabited unto the entering in of the wilderness from the river Euphrates: because their cattle were multiplied in the land of Gilead. |
And in the days of Saul they made war with the Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead. |
And the children of Gad dwelt over against them, in the land of Bashan unto Salcah: |
Joel the chief, and Shapham the next, and Jaanai, and Shaphat in Bashan. |
And their brethren of the house of their fathers were, Michael, and Meshullam, and Sheba, and Jorai, and Jachan, and Zia, and Heber, seven. |
These are the children of Abihail the son of Huri, the son of Jaroah, the son of Gilead, the son of Michael, the son of Jeshishai, the son of Jahdo, the son of Buz; |
Ahi the son of Abdiel, the son of Guni, chief of the house of their fathers. |
And they dwelt in Gilead in Bashan, and in her towns, and in all the suburbs of Sharon, upon their borders. |
All these were reckoned by genealogies in the days of Jotham king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam king of Israel. |
The sons of Reuben, and the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh, of valiant men, men able to bear buckler and sword, and to shoot with bow, and skilful in war, were four and forty thousand seven hundred and threescore, that went out to the war. |
And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab. |
And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was intreated of them; because they put their trust in him. |
And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men an hundred thousand. |
For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity. |
And the children of the half tribe of Manasseh dwelt in the land: they increased from Bashan unto Baalhermon and Senir, and unto mount Hermon. |
And these were the heads of the house of their fathers, even Epher, and Ishi, and Eliel, and Azriel, and Jeremiah, and Hodaviah, and Jahdiel, mighty men of valour, famous men, and heads of the house of their fathers. |
And they transgressed against the God of their fathers, and went a whoring after the gods of the people of the land, whom God destroyed before them. |
And the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tilgathpilneser king of Assyria, and he carried them away, even the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh, and brought them unto Halah, and Habor, and Hara, and to the river Gozan, unto this day. |
历代志上第五章
第 5 章
代上 5:1> 犯罪的结果原是要向神,向人负责的,而我的生活……
5:1 圣经记载吕便犯乱伦之罪,成为后人的警戒。如此写下他的墓志铭,并不是要羞辱他的名声,而是说明犯罪不仅给人留下痛苦的回忆,罪的苦果更能败坏人的一生。吕便本来是雅各的长子,有权继承父亲的双分产业,又可以率领亚伯拉罕的后裔,那已经成长壮大了的支派。但是他犯了罪,长子名分和特权都被剥夺且祸及整个家族。在你受试探、遇引诱的时候,你要仔细思量,认清罪会苦害你和别人的一生,后果是极其悲惨的。
代上 5:2> “君王由他而出”意指……
5:2 从犹大支派所出的君王,指大卫与他的王族谱系,也是指大卫最显赫的后裔,就是弥赛亚耶稣。
代上 5:18-22> 有能力的人要靠神,那么我呢?
5:18-22 吕便、迦得与玛拿西支派的人英勇善战,是因为他们倚靠神。他们虽然有军人本色、能征善战,仍然祷告寻求神的引导。神赐给我们先天和后天的才能为祂使用,绝不是要我们以此不倚靠祂。我们若靠聪明、才干和力量而不倚靠神,就会骄傲自大。遭遇困境时,我们理当寻求神的旨意,求祂的引领,赐下能力,诗篇说:“有人靠车,有人靠马,但我们要提到耶和华我们神的名。”(诗 20:7 )
代上 5:22> 被掳者为什么不能回归?原来……
5:22 这里所提被掳之人,是指在公元前 722 年被掳往亚述的北国以色列的十个支派。他们从此一直没有回到故土(这事记在王下 15:29-17:41 )。
代上 5:24-25> 有说信徒皆为祭司,祭司的职责又是什么?
5:24-25 这些族长是大能的勇士,因文韬武略,统领有方而负盛名。但是在神眼中,他们缺少最重要的美德──对神的忠心。如果你想在社会上追名逐利,可能也会忽略人生的真义,就是讨神喜悦、全心顺服祂。最终,神要察看我们的内心,判断我们一生的功过。──《灵修版圣经注释》
历代志上 历代志上 第五章 注释
1-10 流便支派
流便支派的族谱与西缅支派的在组织上十分相似。
1-2
主要解释上面为何先列举犹大(而非流便支派)的族谱,有关流便所
犯的罪,参创 35:22; 49:4。
2
犹大得的是最高的祝福──君王出自此支派,而约瑟得的是长
子的名分,就是双分的家业。
3-10 流便的後裔
4
本节开头的约珥和流便有何关系,作者并没有交代,因为他的
主要目的是表明被亚述王所掳的流便支派的首领是备拉。
11-17 迦得支派
这里所记录的首领没有在其他迦得支派的族谱上出现,可见作者并非
从其他经卷抄袭过来。
这支派居住在巴珊地──即今天以色列北部的哥兰高地。
12
「雅乃和住在巴珊的沙法」:有古卷作「巴珊的士师雅乃」。
16 「乡村」:原文作「女儿们」。
「沙仑」:并非地中海东岸迦密山以南的沙仑平原,而是位於
约但河东,准确地点不详。此地名亦见於考古学上着名的摩押
石碑上。
17
这次人口普查是当北国耶罗波安第二作王时进行的,因迦得支
派隶属北国。
本节的作用是要证明上述族谱是官方的记录。作者在此并提南
国约坦王的名字,因他有意把一些重要历史事件与大卫王朝接
连起来。
18-26 约但河东二支派半
18-22 二支派半族人占领邻近亚拉伯人的地方
作者一再声明他们得胜是在乎倚赖神。
19 「夏甲人」:参10节。
「伊突人、拿非施人、挪答人」:都是亚拉伯人。
22
「直到被掳的时候」:指的是在主前七三四年远在撒玛利亚城
失陷前十多年的事迹(王下15:29)。
23-24 玛拿西半支派
希伯来文圣经在「 ......
住在那地」之後有:「他们的人丁众多
」。
25-26 河东二支派半的收场
他们因为离弃神,故此招致神的刑罚,最後更被亚述王提革拉 尼色
掳到亚述去。
思想问题(第 5章)
1 试借助串珠,翻查出流便所犯的罪。
2 雅各用诡诈手段,欺骗父兄而夺得长子的名分与祝福;流便则因
犯罪而失去长子的名分,你对自己身为神儿女的名分与福气,存
有什麽态度?
3 这二支派半以寡敌众,有什麽得胜秘诀?
这对你的属灵争战有什麽提示?
4 这二支派半後来失败被掳,原因何在?
这给你什麽监戒?
5 作者以一个什麽角度来解释这二支派半的历史?
神子民的成败得失、兴衰顺逆都以他们是否顺从神来决定,基督
徒的际遇又应以什麽眼光来分析呢?参罗 8:28-30,
历代志上 注释
3.流便、迦得和约但河东玛拿西半支派(五)
本章讲约但河东流便、迦得和玛拿西半支派,但只有很少的篇幅。他们是第一批被掳走的人(五26)。
第1和2节解释为什么流便长子的名分归了别的支派,“因他污秽了父亲的床”(请参看创三五22)。雅各临死前为他的儿子祝福时(创四九),提及流便的恶行,因此革除他的名分,不让他尊荣。长子双倍的土地给了约瑟(以法莲和玛拿西),而从领导方面来说,长子的位分给了犹大。“君王也是从他而出”指大卫与他的王族谱系,也是指大卫最显赫的后裔——弥赛亚耶稣。
第11至17节列出迦得的子孙;第23至24节列出玛拿西半支派的族长。
第五章的结尾简述这些支派的结局。他们曾一起战胜过夏甲人(以实玛利人)(10,19~22节);他们以四万四千七百六十人的小小军队,打败比他们强大得多的敌人。他们倚赖神(20节),神便给他们胜利和大量的掠物(21节)。
由于长期受四周拜偶像国家的影响,他们很快“随从那地之民的神行邪淫:这民就是神在他们面前所除灭的。”(25节)他们转向不能救以实玛利人的神,离弃给他们力量战胜敌人的独一真神,所以神将他们交在亚述王的手,把他们掳走。
历代志上 5:25
25~26 得 罪 了 他 们 列 祖 的 神: 纵
观 历 代 志, 作 者 突 出 了 这 样 一 条 真 理: 悖 逆 和 罪 必 然 招 致 审 判 和 灾 难, 而 顺 服 和 忠 心 则 会 得 着 平
安 和 赐 福 ( 比 较 代 下 7:14 ; 15:2~7 ; 19:2 ; 21:12~15 ; 24:20 ; 28:9 ; 34:24~25) ;
这 一 属 灵 的 原 则 在 新 约 圣 经 中 仍 是 不 变 的 真 理。我 们 应 当 从 中 得 到 勉 励, 敬 畏 主 并 顺 从 圣 灵 的 引
历代志上
注释
五 1-26 约但河东的支派
像西缅支派一样,作者接着谈到的几个支派,只是列出他们的地理环境。流便、迦得和玛拿西半个支派定居在约但河以东,那是在 8 节下至 11 和 23 节提及的地区,这地区称为基列。作者指出流便是「以色列的长子」( 1 节),虽然长子的权利已转给约瑟(因而给了以法莲和玛拿西),而长子的地位则为犹大所有(创三十五 22 ,四十八,四十九 4 、 8-12 、 22-26 )。像在西缅支派的描述,此处谈到好些战争。基列地的支派都一起参与 19 至 22 节的战役,并遭受第 26 节的入侵。若这场对抗夏甲人的争战,跟第 10 节提及的争战相同,那么与夏甲人之战,加上被掳事件,是在他们占据约但河东的 300 年里,首尾互相呼应着( 10-26 节; 3-6 节中流便的世系明显是省略了多个世代)。两件事证明了一个基本的属灵定律:前者证明胜利是由于信心的祷告( 20 节);后者说明失败是因为不信的悖逆( 25-26 节)。